Exploring Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) Protocols for Secure Communication Over Classical Networks

Vikram Nair

Authors

Vikram Nair Full Stack Developer, London, UK Author

Keywords:

Quantum key distribution (QKD), BB84 protocol, E91 protocol, continuous-variable QKD, quantum cryptography, classical networks, secure communication, quantum mechanics, encryption, cybersecurity

Abstract

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) represents a groundbreaking advancement in cryptographic security, leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to facilitate secure communication. Unlike classical encryption methods, which rely on computational complexity, QKD provides unconditional security based on the laws of physics. This paper explores the theoretical foundations, implementation challenges, and recent advancements in QKD protocols, with a focus on their integration into classical networks. We examine various QKD protocols, including BB84, E91, and continuous-variable QKD, analyzing their security properties and vulnerabilities. Furthermore, we review state-of-the-art experimental implementations, network architectures, and their potential applications in modern communication infrastructures. Through an extensive literature review of research conducted before 2023, we provide insights into the limitations and future prospects of QKD, highlighting its role in securing next-generation communication networks. Additionally, we present experimental data, security comparisons, and a performance analysis of different QKD implementations.

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